Hammer Toes Specialist

What is a hammertoe?

Hammertoe is a deformity which causes the toe to bend downward into an unusual position and then stays off balance when a hammertoe has formed. The condition occurs when the muscles and ligaments around the joint of the toe become imbalanced. Irritation and pain can increase as the toe is exposed to increased rubbing and friction from shoes. This often causes calluses to form. There are two forms of the condition:

• Rigid- the toe(s) cannot be moved. The tendons have pushed it out of its correct orientation and it is rigid.
• Flexible- the toe(s) are still moveable at the joint.

At first, a hammertoe will maintain its flexibility but over time the tendons can contract and become permanently bent.

What causes a hammertoe?

A hammertoe is most often caused by wearing shoes that compress on the structure of the foot. It develops when the muscles of the toe become bent and held in one position for an extended period of time. If the toe remains in this position, the muscles tighten and cannot stretch out. Genetics, revolving around a nerve disorder of the foot, can also play a role in the development of hammertoes.  

How is a hammertoe treated?

A common treatment for a hammertoe is to wear shoes that fit with comfort and support. The shoe should be high and broad and have enough room for the hammertoes. Other treatment options involve products such as hammer toe crests and splints which are designed to relieve the pain of hammertoes. These devices help to hold down the hammertoe and provide relief to the forefoot. Gel toe shields and caps can also be used which will help eliminate friction between the shoe and the toe, while providing comfort and lubrication. If there is chronic pain, surgery may be needed to correct a misalignment. Surgery is used to give flexibility back to the the muscles and ligaments so the toe can return to a normal position.

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